Cochise and the Apache increase raids on white Americans for a decade afterwards.

military falsely accusing the Native American leader of the Chiricahua Apache tribe, Cochise. October 1860: A group of Apache Native Americans attack and kidnap a white American, resulting in the U.S. Native Americans aren’t allowed to leave their reservations without permission. The series of relocations of Native American tribes and their hardships and deaths during the journey would become known as the Trail of Tears.ġ851: Congress passes the Indian Appropriations Act, creating the Indian reservation system. More than 5,000 Cherokee die as a result of the journey. Of the 15,000 Muscogees who make the voyage to Oklahoma, more than 3,500 don’t survive.ġ838: With only 2,000 Cherokees having left their land in Georgia to cross the Mississippi River, President Martin Van Buren enlists General Winfield Scott and 7,000 troops to speed up the process by holding them at gunpoint and marching them 1,200 miles. May 28, 1830: President Andrew Jackson signs the Indian Removal Act, which gives plots of land west of the Mississippi River to Native American tribes in exchange for land that is taken from them.ġ836: The last of the Muscogee (Creek) Native Americans leave their land for Oklahoma as part of the Indian removal process. The Creeks cede more than 20 million acres of land after their loss. forces and Native American allies attack Creek Indians who opposed American expansion and encroachment of their territory in the Battle of Horseshoe Bend. March 27, 1814: Andrew Jackson, along with U.S. forces and the British, French and Native Americans over independence and territory expansion. June 18, 1812: President James Madison signs a declaration of war against Britain, beginning the war between U.S. forces attack Native American War Chief Tecumseh and his younger brother Lalawethika. Their community at the juncture of the Tippecanoe and Wabash rivers is destroyed. While captive, she learns to speak English, converts to Christianity and is given the name “Rebecca.”ġ622: The Powhatan Confederacy nearly wipes out Jamestown colony.ġ680: A revolt of Pueblo Native Americans in New Mexico threatens Spanish rule over New Mexico.ġ754: The French and Indian War begins, pitting the two groups against English settlements in the North. This scenario is debated by historians.ġ613: Pocahontas is captured by Captain Samuel Argall in the first Anglo-Powhatan War. Smith later writes that after being threatened by Chief Powhatan, he was saved by Pocahontas. 1595: Pocahontas is born, daughter of Chief Powhatan.ġ607: Pocahontas’ brother kidnaps Captain John Smith from the Jamestown colony. Hundreds of Native Americans are killed in the ensuing battle.Ĭ. October 1540: De Soto and the Spaniards plan to rendezvous with ships in Alabama when they’re attacked by Native Americans. He explores the South under the guidance of Native Americans who had been captured along the way. May 1539: Spanish explorer and conquistador Hernando de Soto lands in Florida to conquer the region. Months after landing, Ponce de Leon is attacked by local Native Americans and fatally wounded. Believing at first that he had reached the East Indies, he describes the natives he meets as “Indians.” On his first day, he orders six natives to be seized as servants.Īpril 1513: Spanish explorer Juan Ponce de Leon lands on continental North America in Florida and makes contact with Native Americans.įebruary 1521: Ponce de Leon departs on another voyage to Florida from San Juan to start a colony. 1492: Christopher Columbus lands on a Caribbean Island after three months of traveling.

Defining moments 2021